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Rabu, 29 Mei 2013
Minggu, 12 Mei 2013
01.26
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Kwashiorkor
definition
Kwashiorkor is the most common and
widespread nutritional disorder in developing countries. It is a form of
malnutrition caused by not getting enough protein in your diet.
Every cell in
your body contains protein. You need protein in your diet for your body to
repair cells and make new cells. A healthy body regenerates cells in this
manner constantly. Protein is also important for growth during childhood and
pregnancy.
Foods that
contain protein include meat, milk, cheese, fish, eggs, soy, beans, nuts,
seeds, and some types of grains like quinoa.
This condition
is rarely found in the United States.
Children who
develop kwashiorkor may not grow or develop properly. It is a very serious
condition and can be life-threatening if not treated.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Kwashiorkor is most common in areas where there is:
- Famine
- Limited
food supply
- Low
levels of education (when people do not understand how to eat a proper
diet)
This disease is more common in very poor countries.
It often occurs during a drought or other natural disaster, or during political
unrest. These conditions are responsible for a lack of food, which leads to
malnutrition.
Kwashiorkor is very rare in children in the United
States. There are only isolated cases. However, one government estimate
suggests that as many as 50% of elderly people in nursing homes in the United
States do not get enough protein in their diet.
When kwashiorkor does occur in the United States, it
is usually a sign of child abuse and severe neglect.
Symptoms
- Changes
in skin pigment
- Decreased
muscle mass
- Diarrhea
- Failure
to gain weight and grow
- Fatigue
- Hair
changes (change in color or texture)
- Increased
and more severe infections due to damaged immune system
- Irritability
- Large
belly that sticks out (protrudes)
- Lethargy or
apathy
- Loss
of muscle mass
- Rash
(dermatitis)
- Shock
(late stage)
- Swelling
(edema)
diagnosed
Your doctor may notice an enlarged liver
and swelling (edema) if you or your child has kwashiorkor. They may order tests
to measure a patient’s level of protein and sugar in the blood. These tests are
usually done on a blood or urine sample.
Other tests may
be performed on your blood and/or urine to measure signs of malnutrition and
lack of protein such as muscle breakdown, and to assess kidney function,
overall health, and growth. These tests include:
·
arterial blood gas
·
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
·
blood levels of creatinine
·
blood levels of potassium
·
urinalysis
·
complete blood count (CBC)
treated
Kwashiorkor can be corrected by eating
more protein and more calories overall, especially if treatment is started
early.
You may first be given more calories
in the form of carbohydrates, sugars, and fats. Once these calories provide
energy, you are given foods with proteins. Foods must be introduced and
calories should be increased slowly because you have been without proper
nutrition for a long period, and your body may need to adjust to the increased
intake.
Your doctor will also recommend
vitamin and mineral supplements.
Complications
Even with treatment, children who have
had kwashiorkor may never reach their full growth and height potential. If
treatment comes too late, a child may have permanent physical and mental
problems.
If left untreated, the condition can
lead to coma, shock, or death.
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